Residual South Polar Cap of Mars: Ever More Strange

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Mapping of the residual south polar cap (RSPC) of Mars in late summer with 6 m/pixel images from the Context Imager (CTX), combined with HiRISE images, allows revision of the cap stratigraphy and reveals material loss by processes in addition to sublimation from exposed surfaces. MOC images had indicated two major depositional units of the cap, one possibly eroding over more than 100 Mars years, the younger one including deposition interspersed with erosional episodes. The MRO data show a gradation of unit types (facies). Older materials include a 10-14 m thick deposit now largely eroded and a 8 m unit that still covers 20% of the cap. The great majority of the present cap is material likely younger than 80 Mars years. Erosion of the different units includes scarp retreat by multiple collapse episodes, and compaction and collapse. The post-Mariner 9 deposition varied in thickness and avoided some types of substrate, characteristics that may explain complex relations among older depositional units on the RSPC. We use the stratigraphy and observed changes to examine suggestions of cap loss or major readjustments inferred from telescopic observations, and to evaluate implications for Martian climate.

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