Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Dec 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977natur.270..500t&link_type=abstract
Nature, vol. 270, Dec. 8, 1977, p. 500, 501.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
19
Black Holes (Astronomy), Cosmology, Space-Time Functions, Universe, Astrophysics, Relativity, Topology
Scientific paper
The concept of 'black hole' is extended to arbitrary stably causal spacetimes by defining a black hole to be that object which contains all the 'small' trapped surfaces. This definition allows results which depend only on the local behavior of black holes in asymptotically flat spacetimes to be extended (approximately) to closed universes. Several definitions, a theorem, and a proof are outlined which demonstrate that results dependent on the global behavior of black holes cannot generally be extended to closed universes. Specifically, it is shown that black holes in physically realistic closed universes can violate the black-hole area theorem; i.e., the statement that black holes never decrease their cross-sectional area. The proposed concept of black hole is found to yield a purely geometrical definition of time direction in closed universes.
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