A tepid model for the early universe

Details A tepid model for the early universe A tepid model for the early universe

Dec 1977

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977a%26a....61..705c&link_type=abstract

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 61, no. 5, Dec. 1977, p. 705-709.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

26

Astronomical Models, Black Holes (Astronomy), Cosmology, Galactic Evolution, Stellar Evolution, Universe, Acceleration (Physics), Background Radiation, Baryons, Big Bang Cosmology, Elementary Particles, Photons, Star Clusters, Thermalization (Energy Absorption)

Scientific paper

A cosmology characterized by a much lower photon/baryon ratio or 'entropy parameter' than the standard big bang model is investigated. For consistency with observations, the photon/baryon ratio is assumed to be boosted at some epoch, which must precede the time corresponding to decoupling in order to ensure that the extra photons can be thermalized. It is argued that the photon/baryon ratio can be boosted in this way as a result of black-hole accretion. The thermal history of a 'tepid' universe (in contrast to 'cold' models) is discussed along with the formation of bound objects, black-hole formation, production of background radiation, galaxy formation, and helium synthesis in the tepid model. An alternative scenario where the tepid universe is heated at a time much later than decoupling is considered in which black-hole formation is avoided and bound regions fragment into clusters of stars. It is suggested that these stars could produce both the background radiation and the heavy elements required for its thermalization.

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