Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2007
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007agufmgc31b0342p&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #GC31B-0342
Other
1616 Climate Variability (1635, 3305, 3309, 4215, 4513), 1620 Climate Dynamics (0429, 3309), 1635 Oceans (1616, 3305, 4215, 4513), 1650 Solar Variability (7537)
Scientific paper
The effects of solar variability on regional hyroclimate were examined using a sequence of physical connections between total solar irradiance (TSI) modulated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), and ocean and atmospheric patterns that affect precipitation and streamflow. The solar energy reaching the Earth's surface and its oceans is thought to be controlled through an interaction between GCRs, which are known to ionize the atmosphere and increase cloud formation, and TSI. High (low) GCR flux may promote cloudiness (clear skies) and higher (lower) albedo at the same time that TSI is lowest (highest) in the solar cycle which in turn creates cooler (warmer) ocean temperature anomalies. These anomalies have been shown to affect atmospheric flow patterns and ultimately precipitation over the Midwestern United States. This investigation identified a relation among TSI and geomagnetic index aa (GI-AA), and streamflow in the Mississippi River Basin for the period 1878-2004. The GI-AA was used as a proxy for GCRs. There appears to be a solar "fingerprint" that can be seen in climatic time series in other regions of the world, with each series having a unique lag time between the solar signal and the hydroclimatic response. A progression of increasing lag times can be spatially linked to the ocean conveyor belt, which transports the solar signal over a time span of several decades. The lag times for any one region vary slightly and may be linked to the fluctuations in the velocity of the ocean conveyor belt. The lag time between the solar signal and streamflow in the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, is approximately 34 years. The current drought (1999-2006) in the Mississippi River Basin appears to be caused by a period of lower solar activity that occurred between 1963 and 1977.
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