Coronal Loops as the Sources for Solar Wind

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2164 Solar Wind Plasma, 2169 Solar Wind Sources, 7509 Corona, 7526 Magnetic Reconnection (2723, 7835)

Scientific paper

The source of the solar wind has been an important puzzle in solar and heliospheric physics. While it is clear that the fast solar wind originates from coronal holes, the source of slow solar wind remains highly controversial. The strong differences between the composition of fast and slow wind, and the rapid variability of this composition in the slow solar wind pose a major obstacle for models with steady solar wind sources. On the other hand the observed composition is explained naturally by the conjecture that the solar wind arises from the material stored in loops, which are then opened through interchange reconnection with open field lines. The interchange reconnection process inherently supplies the mass and energy to generate the solar wind. Models for the sources of solar wind are then naturally divided between flux tube expansion models in which the final properties of the wind are dictated by the steady large-scale magnetic field structure, and loop source models in which the solar wind arises from material stored in loops that are opened through interchange reconnection. Traditionally, these models have been viewed as radically different. However, recent work is softening the strong distinction. Careful analysis of solar wind composition data and remote observations show a continuous transition between the fast and slow solar wind. This linkage between fast and slow wind suggests that the conjectures of flux tube expansion and loop sources are not exclusive; they may operate simultaneously and there may be a feedback process between the two physical drivers.

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