Establishment of a Database for Historic Large Solar Proton Events - Thinking Outside the Box

Computer Science – Databases

Scientific paper

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5706 Aurorae, 7514 Energetic Particles (2114), 7536 Solar Activity Cycle (2162)

Scientific paper

Using impulsive nitrate enhancements in the polar ice as a proxy for solar proton events, we have determined the proton fluence above 30 MeV for 31 solar cycles between 1610 and 1954 (solar sunspot cycle -12 through cycle 18). A variety of geophysical databases were used in this investigation including volcanology records, solar observations, sunspot numbers, mid latitude auroral sightings, and geomagnetic records including the secular variation of the geomagnetic field. In organizing the events into individual solar cycles we find a wide range of solar proton events and fluences over these 31 solar cycles. Some cycles have no major events; some are dominated by one major event (i.e. the Carrington event), and other cycles have multiple events giving rise to an extremely large solar proton fluence for the entire solar cycle. Many of these large solar proton fluence events occur during solar cycles with only moderate sunspot numbers. A comparison of these historic events with measurements during the modern era (cycles 19-23) show that while the total fluence for most cycles is within a factor of 2 of the fluence measured by spacecraft since 1965, the fluence for cycles 10 and 13 is a factor of 4 greater than present day spacecraft measurements.

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