Structure of the ionosphere and atmosphere of Saturn from Pioneer 11 Saturn radio occultation

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Ionospheric Sounding, Planetary Ionospheres, Radio Occultation, Saturn Atmosphere, Atmospheric Ionization, Atmospheric Temperature, Data Processing, Ionospheric Electron Density, Pioneer 11 Space Probe, Saturn, Pioneer 11, Radio Occultation, Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Data, Structure, Ionization, Altitude, Rings, Pressure, Temperatures, Comparisons, Diagrams, Equipment, Data Reduction, Procedure, Models, Analysis, Electrons, Density, Infrared, Radiometry, Refraction

Scientific paper

The paper deals with radio occultation measurements of Saturn's ionosphere and upper neutral atmosphere, made by Pioneer 11 near the terminator at latitudes of 9.7 deg south and 11.6 deg south. The principal electron density peak (of about 11,400 cu cm), in the ionosphere occurred at an altitude of about 1800 km, with a sharp lower peak of about 9000 cu cm at 1200 km. The scale height above the main peak corresponds to an exosphere temperature of about 1150 K for an H(+) ionosphere. Ionization appears to extend to 30,000 km. The low density of the lower portion of the ionosphere may be explained by ring shadowing and equatorial anomaly. In the neutral atmosphere, measurements were made to a pressure level of about 180 mbar, showing a temperature inversion region with a triple minimum.

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