Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Sep 1984
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1984a%26a...138..317t&link_type=abstract
Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 138, no. 2, Sept. 1984, p. 317-324.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
15
Late Stars, Planetary Nebulae, Stellar Mass, Magellanic Clouds, Photoionization, Stellar Composition, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Luminosity
Scientific paper
Theoretical models of two stages of planetary nebulae (PN) are applied to data on various objects to determine their phases. In the photoionization epoch, a central luminous star evolves horizontally on the H-R diagram and photoionization processes dominate recombination processes (RP) in the nebular gas. Exhaustion of nuclear fuel leads to a lower level of ionization in the nebular gas, cooling and RP, initially in the outer layers. The latter condition would result in an observed double envelope. The luminosities of NGC 7027, NGC 2440 and NGC 6645 were examined. NGC 7027 was verified to be a PN, with a central star close to 1.0 solar mass, which can be examined more fully with the Space Telescope. Further discussion reveals only a small possibility of detecting a PN in the short ionization epoch. Finally, an upper limit is set on the maximum Zanstra luminosity of a PN.
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