Clumping-corrected mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Stars: Atmospheres, Stars: Mass-Loss, Stars: Wolf-Rayet, Radio Continuum: Stars

Scientific paper

Mass-loss rates of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars have been determined from their radio emission power and spectral index (alpha = dln {f_ν} / dln ν), accounting for the clumped structure and (potential) variable ionization in their outer winds. The average spectral index between mm- and cm- wavelengths is ~ 0.77 for WN stars and ~ 0.75 for WC stars, in contrast with ~ 0.58 expected for smooth winds. The observed wavelength dependence of alpha can be explained using clumped wind models in some cases, with shocks (at 30-100 stellar radii) producing a higher ionization zone in the outer wind. We obtain an empirical formula relating mass-loss with observed optical emission line equivalent widths, with application to stars without measured radio fluxes. Clumping-corrected mass-loss rates are generally lower than those obtained by current smooth wind models. Specifically we find log \mdot(clumpy)-log \mdot(smooth)=-0.19 (sigma=0.28) for WN stars, and log \mdot(clumpy)-log \mdot(smooth)=-0.62 (sigma=0.19) for WC stars. New mass-loss rate estimates agree very well with (clumping independent) determinations of WR components in binary systems.

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