Computer Science
Scientific paper
Feb 2005
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005icar..173..300k&link_type=abstract
Icarus, Volume 173, Issue 2, p. 300-311.
Computer Science
24
Scientific paper
A tenuous calcium atmosphere at Mercury, principally seen in the polar regions, was first observed in July, 1998, using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph (HIRES) at the W.M. Keck I telescope (Bida et al., Nature 404, 159, 2000). We report four years of observations of the calcium exosphere of Mercury, confirming the initial findings of a very tenuous atmosphere. These observations show a persistent but spatially variable blue shift, indicating an excess velocity toward the observer of up to 3 km s-1, with an average excess velocity of 2.2 km s-1 above the south pole. In addition, the line profiles reveal a hot corona at the equivalent of 12,000 20,000 K in a thermalized atmosphere, indicating a large range of motion with respect to the observer. The calcium is not confined to the polar-regions: rare and low Ca abundance is seen in the equatorial regions. Strong emission was seen anti-sunward on 3 May 2002. Apparent weak emission on the sunward hemisphere may be due to scattered light from the surface, or may indicate a high latitude source. We show that the likely source of the calcium is either impact vaporization in the form of CaO and clusters, which are subsequently photo-dissociated, or ion-sputtering of atoms, molecules and ions. The column abundance is somewhat, but not strongly, correlated with solar activity. We predict a very hot (probably escaping) oxygen component to the hermean exosphere.
Bida Thomas A.
Killen Rosemary Margaret
Morgan Thomas H.
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