The Problem of the Missing Solar Neutrinos

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

What began 25 years ago as an effort to verify an astrophysical prediction, the flux of neutrinos from the sun, has turned into a major surprise in physics. When Ray Davis initially reported from his Cl-Ar radiochemical experiment in the Homestake gold mine that the flux of ^8B neutrinos from the ``PP-III'' chain of hydrogen burning was as much as a factor of 3 below expectations, it was easy to dismiss it as an astrophysics or nuclear-physics error, or even an experimental error. Now, results of still-improving precision from the Kamiokande water Čerenkov detector and the SAGE and Gallex gallium radiochemical detectors are also in hand. We will argue that there is, at a modest but interesting level of confidence, no combination of neutrino fluxes from light-element fusion that can fit the data, without introducing either new neutrino physics (oscillations and mass) or significant errors in at least two experiments. Large-scale experiments (SNO and SuperKamiokande) that can check the neutrino-oscillation hypothesis are nearing completion.

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