Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Nov 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006ihy..worke.133s&link_type=abstract
2nd UN/NASA Workshop on International Heliophysical Year and Basic Space Science. Proceedings of the conference held 27 Novembe
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Scientific paper
It is increasingly being realized that the unique characteristics of the plasma and neutral domains of the equatorial upper atmosphere exhibit significant longitudinal dependence both during geomagnetically quiet and disturbed periods. The spatial variability of the diurnal development of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), post-sunset generation and non-linear development of equatorial F region plasma density irregularities (plasma bubbles) and forenoon bite-out in F-layer peak density at the EIA rest location and the equatorial midnight temperature maximum (MTM) typifies the longitudinal dependence of the equatorial upper atmosphere system. One of the major scientific needs of the times is therefore to capture and comprehend the longitudinal dependence in all its detail so as to advance our understanding of the equatorial system which reflects, among other things, the myriad couplings within the near- Earth space environment. This calls for the deployment and operation close to the magnetic equator of cost-effective sensors optimally distributed in longitude taking advantage of the landmass in India and its neighborhood, South-East Asia and Brazil. It is worthwhile to note in this context that the thrust of experimental activity thus far had been towards establishment of latitudinal chain(s) of upper atmosphere diagnostics. The sensors that can be deployed as equatorial networks are low cost ionosondes, TEC and VHF/UHF/L-band scintillation monitors, day airglow/night airglow photometers and all-sky imagers, to name a few. This will help derive important information on the longitudinal structures of various scale sizes in the plasma and neutral atmosphere parameters. The recent work of Tsunoda (GRL, Vol 32, L08103, 2005), in fact, revealed the possible role and relevance of the large-scale wave structure (LSWS) in the plasma density of bottom side F-layer to the enigmatic day-to-day variability of equatorial spread-F, and highlighted the need for a cluster of longitudinally distributed ground-based sensors to monitor the upper atmosphere parameters. The Indian scientific community actively seeks and/or contributes to international collaborative and cooperative efforts aimed at the establishment and operation of equatorial ground based networks of radio and optical diagnostics under IHY program in the forthcoming years.
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