Two-body relaxation in relativistic thermal plasmas

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Plasma, High Energy Interactions, Particle Collisions, Relativistic Plasmas, Relaxation Time, Thermal Plasmas, Bremsstrahlung, Cross Sections, Energy Transfer, Maxwell-Boltzmann Density Function

Scientific paper

An exact expression is developed for the energy exchange rate in collisions of Maxwellian distributions of relativistic particles in terms of an integral over the scattering cross section. Evaluations are performed for electron-proton, electron-electron, and proton-proton relaxations. Proton relaxation is found to transfer energy to the electrons in Coulomb collisions and through pion production. The cross-sections of particle production and bremmstrahlung are determined to be increasing functions of energy. This implies that in a Maxwellian distribution particles in the high-energy tail cool the fastest. A too-long duration of the thermalization process does not allow the tail to be repopulated, and the Maxwellian distribution is lost while the cooling time scale increases.

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