Element Separation by Upward Proton Drag in the Chromosphere

Details Element Separation by Upward Proton Drag in the Chromosphere Element Separation by Upward Proton Drag in the Chromosphere

Jun 1996

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996apj...464l..91w&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal Letters v.464, p.L91

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

27

Sun: Solar Wind, Sun: Abundances, Sun: Chromosphere, Sun: Corona, Sun: Transition Region

Scientific paper

The extremely close collisional coupling between protons and heavy ions in the upper chromosphere suggests that proton drag is the main agent for ion-neutral separation there. We argue that a small upward drift of protons and electrons relative to the stationary neutral hydrogen component can explain the observed enrichment of elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) in the corona. The resulting abundances are determined by the ionization fractions of the different elements relative to that of hydrogen. We suggest that the required ambipolar flow may be induced by transient coronal heating leading to chromospheric evaporation. The model predicts that the FIP effect should be weak inside coronal holes, where most of the energy released in the corona is carried outward by the solar wind rather than being conducted downward as in closed magnetic regions and coronal plumes.

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