Relaxation and dynamical friction in non-integrable stellar systems

Mathematics

Scientific paper

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Friction, Galactic Rotation, Liapunov Functions, Orbit Perturbation, Orbital Mechanics, Stellar Orbits, Stellar Systems, Barred Galaxies, Relaxation Time, Robustness (Mathematics)

Scientific paper

The exponential sensitivity of irregular orbits, characterized by positive Liapunov characteristic exponents, is discussed in the context of stellar systems. In a typical nonintegrable example, a barred galaxy model, this sensitivity is shown numerically to relax irregular stellar orbits in a time much shorter than the classical estimate of Chandrasekhar, by a factor of thousands. In contrast, the regular orbits are shown to be robust and more in accordance with the classical relaxation time. One can expect application of this to every case where a stellar system is far from an integrable situation, as when two or more galaxies are close together, or in rotating triaxial galaxies.

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