Non-variability of the fine-structure constant over cosmological time scales

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Quasars: General, Catalogues, Cosmology, Quasars: Absorption Lines

Scientific paper

A statistical analysis of fine splitting of C IV, N V, O VI, Mg II, Al III and Si IV doublet absorption lines in quasar spectra is carried out in order to estimate a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant α= e^2^ (h/2π)c over cosmological time scales t~10^10^yr. The observational basis of the analysis is a catalogue of 1414 pairs of wavelengths with redshifts z = 0.2 - 3.7, compiled from data published in 1980-1992. Robust statistical estimates like the "trimmed mean" are used as well as the least squares. No statistically significant time variation of α is found. The estimate α^-1^dα/dz = (-0.6+/-2.8)10^-4^ is obtained. For the 95% significance level, an upper bound on the rate of a relative variation of the fine-structure constant is |α^-1^dα/dz| < 5.6x10^-4^, which corresponds approximately to |α^-1^dα/dt| < 4x10^-14^ yr^-1^. This limit represents the strongest up-to-date restriction on the possible time variation of α for the epoch 0.2 <= z <~ 4.

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