Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Dec 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008agufmsa31b..05m&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #SA31B-05
Mathematics
Logic
2400 Ionosphere (6929), 2427 Ionosphere/Atmosphere Interactions (0335), 2431 Ionosphere/Magnetosphere Interactions (2736), 2435 Ionospheric Disturbances, 2441 Ionospheric Storms (7949)
Scientific paper
The study of ionospheric disturbances was initiated in the paper "Note on Kennelly-Heaviside Layer Observations During a Magnetic Storm" by Hafstad and Tuve in 1929. A remarkable degree of progress followed, first from the discovery of morphologies during individual case studies, and then from the statistical treatment of large numbers of ionospheric storms at many sites. By the end of 1950s (as the first space probes were being launched), the pioneers of aeronomy (e.g., Martyn, Sato, Matsushita) had analyzed many hundreds of ionospheric storms, reported on their effects, and offered theoretical explanations for the patterns observed. Data from satellites dominated the field during the 1960s to 1980s, producing a coherent picture of morphologies, physical mechanisms and models at most latitudes. With the advent of Space Weather in the 1990s, the field reverted to case study methods only, and new diagnostics (e.g., GPS and IMAGE) gave the impression that new patterns were being discovered and that new ideas were needed to explain them. Indeed, new names (for individual storm events, storm patterns and causative processes) now dominate the field. In many ways, this is a giant step backwards in that the potential for applications to technological systems is offered as sufficient reason to re-cast knowledge gained via the traditional methods of science. A self-perpetuating series of case studies now propels solar- terrestrial-physics via the theme that only one storm at a time can be understood. In this paper, evidence is offered to show that 80 years of study of ionospheric storms has been productive, and that the onset of a new solar cycle in 2009 should not be sufficient to warrant yet another period of re-discovery of solar- terrestrial physics. Rather, new diagnostics from the ground, and crucially needed satellite observations within the ionosphere-thermosphere system, can add to our knowledge if efforts are made to build upon past results, not just re-describe them with better observing systems. As an example, the analysis of 206 ionospheric storms from solar cycle 20 are used to demonstrate the existence of "geophysically comparable sites" --- locations where theory would suggest coherence of storm-time effects in both hemispheres. Long- term ionosonde data show that well understood fundamental processes yield statistical agreement at such locations. Moreover, small departures from coherence then point to subtle differences in mechanisms that add to our overall understanding of the geospace system.
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