Young Stars and Protostellar Cores near NGC 2023 and the Horsehead Nebula

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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We present new SCUBA images at 850 and 450 μ m as well as extended CO and 13CO J = 2 - 1 maps obtained with the 15 m JCMT telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii of NGC 2023 and the Horsehead nebula . We also present BIMA images in 3.5 mm continuum and NH2D of NGC 2023 mm1, the low mass Class 0 protostar in the vicinity of NGC 2023. We detected mm1 in the 3.5 mm continuum, but not the nearby mm2. The NH2D emission is strong and traces the dust emission very well. NGC 2023 mm1 is the strongest sub-mm source in the region and our data cofirm that the dust emission is significantly optically thick in the sub-mm. The Horsehead nebula is readily seen in the dust continuum with a morphology very similar to that seen in the optical. The Horsehead is also very prominent in our CO maps and even the CO emission follows the optical appearance very closely. There are several fainter dust continuum sources in the region: the compact ones appear to coincide with young Class I type sources, the more extended ones are likely dense, pre-stellar cores. There is an elongated dust source in the neck of the Horsehead, which is not seen in the CO maps. The nature of this source is not yet know. The JCMT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre, on behalf of UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and the Canadian National Research Council.

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