Kinematic structure of planetary nebulae. IV - Nature of the condensations in NGC 7009

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Oxygen Spectra, Planetary Nebulae, Radial Velocity, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Mass Ejection, Condensation, Fabry-Perot Interferometers, H Ii Regions, Kinematics, Radiation Pressure, Stellar Winds

Scientific paper

An imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer is used to make observations of the kinematics of NGC 7009 at the OI 6300 A forbidden line wavelength. A kinematic map of the nebula at seeing-limited spatial resolution shows an inner pair of condensations symmetrically disposed in velocity about the central star, similar in appearance to the well known outer pair. These observations are consistent with the condensations being cool (T of about 45 K), dense (about 4 million/cu cm) with masses of 0.01-0.001 solar masses and in pressure equilibrium with the surrounding H II region, in which case they will be neutral or molecular. This interpretation is quantitatively consistent with the sole origin of OI forbidden line emission being in skin transition regions surrounding the condensations. It is suggested that both pairs of condensations may have originated as integral parts of continous shells, which have subsequently undergone significant acceleration by radiation pressure or stellar wind pressure.

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