Efficient particle acceleration in shocks

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Astronomical Models, Particle Acceleration, Shock Wave Propagation, Diffusion Coefficient, Hydrodynamics, Impact Acceleration, Kinetic Energy, Mach Number, Propagation Velocity, Relativistic Particles, Self Consistent Fields

Scientific paper

A self-consistent non-linear theory of acceleration of particles by shock waves is developed, using an extension of the two-fluid hydrodynamical model by Drury and Völk. The transport of the accelerated particles is governed by a diffusion coefficient which is initially assumed to be independent of particle momentum, to obtain exact solutions for the spectrum. It is found that steady-state shock structures with high acceleration efficiency are only possible for shocks with Mach numbers less than about 12. A more realistic diffusion coefficient is then considered, and this maximum Mach number is reduced to about 6. The efficiency of the acceleration process determines the relative importance of the non-relativistic and relativistic particles in the distribution of accelerated particles, and this determines the effective specific heat ratio.

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