Gravitomagnetic Phenomena due to Spin, Lense-Thirring Effect and its 1995-2000 Measurements with Earth Satellites

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First, we briefly describe some of the general relativistic, gravitomagnetic, phenomena arising in the vicinities of a spinning body, due to its rotation, and some of the historical attempts to detect and measure gravitomagnetism and Lense-Thirring effect, including the LARES experiment, a phase-A space mission to measure "frame-dragging" with accuracy of less than 3% and to provide other basic tests of general relativity and gravitation. We then describe the method to measure the Lense-Thirring effect by analyzing the orbits of the two laser-ranged satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II; this method has provided the direct measurement of Earth's gravitomagnetism. We report on these 1995-2000 experimental evidences of the Lense-Thirring effect obtained by analyzing the nodes of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II and the perigee of LAGEOS II with the orbital programs GEODYN-SOLVE, using the Earth's Gravitational Models JGM-3 and EGM-96, and this new method. The first detection was obtained in 1995, the most accurate measurements were obtained in 1998-2000 using EGM-96, with accuracy of the order of 20%. Finally, we present our new, preliminary, result obtained by analyzing 5 years of data of the LAGEOS satellites.

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