Shadow-Hiding Opposition Surge for a Two-Layer Surface

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

A shadow hiding opposition surge, based on B. Hapke (1986, Icarus 67, 264-280), is derived for a surface consisting of an optically finite veneer of material over an underlying substrate. As done by Hapke in his photometric model, it is assumed that standard radiative transfer theory with correction for macroscopic roughness and a shadow hiding opposition surge provides an adequate description of the two-layered surface. The scattering properties of the upper layer are calculated using the doubling technique while Hapke's photometric model is used to describe the underlying layer. An adaptation of the doubling technique is used to calculate the scattering from the combined system. The model should have wide applicability in the Solar System and has been used with success to describe the polar regions of Ganymede (J. Hillier et al., 1996, Icarus 124, 308-317) as well as the equatorial regions of Triton (J. Hillier and J. Veverka, in preparation). Using this model, it is shown that extremely narrow opposition surges, as observed on many Solar System bodies, might be explained by a shadow-hiding model even for relatively compact surfaces if the particle size decreases toward the surface and may provide an alternative explanation to the coherent backscatter mechanism for the observed surges.

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