Statistics
Scientific paper
Aug 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004rmxac..21....7t&link_type=abstract
The Environment and Evolution of Double and Multiple Stars, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 191, held 3-7 February, 2002 in Merida
Statistics
29
Binaries: General, Stars: Formation, Stars: Pre-Main Sequence
Scientific paper
The statistics of stellar systems of multiplicity three and higher is reviewed. They are frequent, 0.15-0.25 of all stellar systems. Some 700 multiples are expected among the 3383 stars of spectral type F, G, and K within 50 pc, while only 76 of them are actually known. Many (if not all) close binaries have distant tertiary components, indicating that angular momentum exchange within multiple systems was probably critical in forming short-period binaries. The ratio of outer to inner periods in the best-studied nearby multiples and in low-mass pre-main sequence multiples does not exceed 104 at the formation epoch; larger ratios are produced by subsequent orbital evolution. All multiples with well-defined orbits are dynamically stable, the eccentricities of outer orbits obey the empirical stability limit P[out](1 - e[out])3/P[in] > 5 that is more strict than current theoretical limits. Relative orientation of orbits in triple stars shows some degree of alignment, especially in weakly-hierarchical systems. The statistics support the idea that most multiple stars originated from dynamical interactions in small clusters.
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