Generalized Rayleigh scattering. II. Matrix source functions.

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Stars: Atmosphere, Radiative Transfer, Polarization, Scattering

Scientific paper

Numerical and analytical data are presented on the matrix source functions S(τ) of the standard problem of multiple generalized Rayleigh scattering (GRS) in homogeneous semi-infinite atmospheres with uniformly distributed embedded primary sources of partially polarized radiation. The source matrices S(τ) are found by the discrete-ordinate solution of the relevant 2x2 matrix transfer equation and by albedo shifting technique, which is a version of the accelerated {LAMBDA}-iteration approach. The dependence of the solution of the matrix transfer equation on the parameters of the problem of multiple molecular scattering, albedo of single scattering λ_I_ and depolarization factor W, is carefully considered. (The value W=1 corresponds to Rayleigh scattering, while for scalar isotropic scattering W=0). From the pair of the parameters (λ_I_, W) we switch to (λ_I_, λ_Q_), with λ_Q_=0.7Wλ_I_, and instead of the physically natural domain of the parameter values, λ_Iin[0,1], λ_ Qin[0,0.7λ_I_], in GRS we consider a wider one, λ_ I_, λ_Qin[0,1]. On the plane with the axes (λ_I_, λ_Q_), or the λ-plane, there is a one-parameter family of curves, the isopols, along which S(0) remains constant. The λ-plane and the isopols are the basic instruments in our analysis. Along with presenting the numerical data we discuss the asymptotic behavior of S(τ) for τ->{infinity}. It is shown that the matrix counterpart of the usual scalar conservative isotropic scattering is not the ordinary conservative Rayleigh scattering (λ_I_=1, λ_ Q_=0.7), but the biconservative scattering, i.e., scattering with λ_I_=λ_Q_=1. The analysis of the remarkable properties of biconservative scattering naturally leads to matrix generalizations of the Hopf-Bronstein relation, the Hopf constant etc.

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