Measurement of Gigaparsec-Scale Perturbation Modes with Remote Quadrupole Observations

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Observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy suggest the possibility that the Universe is not statistically isotropic --that is, that it has a preferred direction. Because of the well-known problem of intepretation of a posteriori statistics, the statistical significance of these claims is controversial. To settle the question we need an independent data set probing the same physical scales. Scattering of CMB radiation in galaxy clusters may provide the information we need. Such scattering produces a polarization signal proportional to the CMB quadrupole anisotropy at the cluster's location and lookback time, thus probing ultra-large-scale perturbations. I will present calculations of the number of independent modes that can be obtained from such a "remote quadrupole'' survey, along with the length scales probed by these modes. These modes can be chosen to be statistically uncorrelated with local CMB anisotropy and polarization measurements, thus providing the needed independent probe of the gigaparsec-scale Universe. In a sparse survey of a large area of sky, the largest-scale modes probe length scales comparable to the large-angle CMB anisotropy but with much narrower Fourier-space window functions. Instruments such as the South Pole Telescope will have the sensitivity to detect remote quadrupole signals, although confusion may prove to be an obstacle. In addition to large-scale modes, the formalism presented here is also useful for analyzing smaller-scale surveys to probe the late integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and hence the properties of dark energy.

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