How Special are Brightest Cluster Galaxies?

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Scientific paper

Using a sample of 625 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at redshifts z<0.1, we attempt to disentangle the roles of their typically large stellar masses and their location in the center of a cluster in determining their properties.
The basis of our cluster catalog is the C4 catalog, but we refine this catalog by placing particular emphasis on correctly identifying the BCG, and determining accurate velocity dispersions for the clusters.
We find that BCGs are more likely to host radio--loud active galactic nuclei than other galaxies of the same mass.
Concerning their structural parameters, we find that BCGs are larger and have higher velocity dispersions than non-BCGs of the same stellar mass. Combined, these findings indicate a higher dark matter fractions in BCGs, attributable to the dark matter halo of the parent cluster. This higher dark matter fraction is less variable with luminous mass than for non-BCGs, which causes early-type BCGs to lie on a different fundamental plane than ordinary early-type galaxies. BCGs also follow a steeper Faber--Jackson relation than non-BCGs, and we find tentative evidence that the steepening is stronger in more massive clusters.

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