Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Dec 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006aas...209.7413h&link_type=abstract
2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, #74.13; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, V
Mathematics
Logic
Scientific paper
The leading candidate theory unifying Standard Model quantum fields and the spacetime dynamics of General Relativity is based on fundamental quantized strings. Many versions of string theory now predict the formation of cosmic superstrings: quasi-stable strings that form that after inflation and are stretched to enormous length by the cosmic expansion.
In these theories, the primordial net of superstrings spawns isolated, oscillating loops that ultimately radiate almost all of their energy into gravitational waves. Backgrounds and bursts of gravitational waves are predicted to be the most conspicuous evidence of superstrings.
The background spectrum and burst statistics of gravitational waves produced by a cosmological population of cosmic string loops are estimated, and formulas are derived showing the dependence of observables on string parameters including the dimensionless tension Gμ. Predictions are compared with instrument noise from current and future experiments, and with confusion noise from known astrophysical gravitational wave sources such as stellar and massive black hole binaries. Limits on gravitational wave backgrounds from pulsar timing already indicate that if superstrings exist, they are so light that they have no observable effects except from their gravitational radiation: Gμ is less than about 10-10, close to the minimum value where bursts might be detected by Advanced LIGO, and a typical value expected from superstrings in brane inflation models. Because of expected confusion noise expected from massive black hole binaries, pulsar techniques will not be able to go below about Gμ 10-11. At this level, the stochastic background from strings dominates the LISA noise by a large factor, although burst events may also be detectable by LISA, allowing detailed study of loop behavior. LISA will be sensitive to stochastic backgrounds created by strings as light as Gμ 10-15; however, for those lightest detectable strings, bursts are rarely detectable.
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