Computer Science
Scientific paper
Feb 1965
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1965ssrv....4....5a&link_type=abstract
Space Science Reviews, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp.5-34
Computer Science
Scientific paper
In this paper we discuss theoretical expressions, determining the difference δφ of Doppler shifts of various coherent radiowave frequencies emitted by a radiator moving in the ionosphere or interplanetary medium. The “rotating” Doppler effect (“Faraday effect”) caused by the Doppler shifts ±δφH of the ordinary and extraordinary waves is also considered. In a three-dimensional inhomogeneous ionosphere, stationary in time (∂N/∂t = 0), δφ is determined in the general case, by an equation with three variables. The equation for δφ proper depends only on the local value of the electron concentration N c around the radiator and on integral values, determining, by means of additional calculations, the angle of refraction or its components, the horizontal gradients of electron concentration ∂N/∂x and ∂N/∂y, and in some cases, the integral electron concentration ∫ 0 zcN dz. We describe the analysis of the δφ measurements, made with the satellites Cosmos I, II and partially XI, assuming that ∂N/∂t = ∂N/∂y = 0, with a two variables equation. The expected errors are considered. The results coincide well for different points (Moscow, The Crimea, Sverdlovsk) and thus agree with the measurements of δφ H and with height-frequency ionospheric characteristics. The curve giving electron concentration versus height N (z) in the outer ionosphere (above the maximum of F2), shows a new maximum higher than the main maximum of the ionosphere N MF2 at 120 140 km. At this maximum the value of N (z) is (0.9 0.95) N MF2. The new data on the large-scale horizontal inhomogeneities of the ionosphere, exceed the previous ones by about a factor 10. By means of the irregular variations of δφ the spectrum W(ϱ) of the inhomogenous formation is determined. Three unknown constant maxima with values ϱ ˜ 16 to 18 km, 28 to 32 km and 100 to 120 km are found. The spectrum W (ϱ) mainly characterizes the local properties of the ionosphere along the orbit of the satellite.
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