Dust Outflow Velocity and the Gas-to-Dust Ratio in Comets

Details Dust Outflow Velocity and the Gas-to-Dust Ratio in Comets Dust Outflow Velocity and the Gas-to-Dust Ratio in Comets

Feb 1996

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996em%26p...72...99s&link_type=abstract

Earth, Moon and Planets, Volume 72, Issue 1-3, pp. 99-102

Computer Science

Scientific paper

The observational determination of coma outflow velocity for gaseous species is fairly straightforward using high-resolution spectroscopy. The determination of the outflow speed of the dust is much more difficult. Most sources cite Bobrovnikoff (1954). This brief report is not a strictly refereed publication, however, and mixes data from different comets. We present here a simple analysis of some data from the International Halley Watch (IHW) archive. Differences between continuum images from successive nights show dust jets and shells clearly. Their motion is apparent to first order from the edges of the features. The component of the dust outflow velocity perpendicular to the observer's line of sight may thus be determined. This is of course a lower limit on the dust outflow velocity. Many measurements, at different heliocentric distances (R), allow determination of the heliocentric dependence of the dust outflow velocity. We find that the dust outflow velocity in comet P/Halley varied as R -0.41 . If data from an outburst at 14 AU (Sekanina et al. 1992) is included in the fit, this dependence becomes R -0.55. This confirms the canonical (e.g. Delsemme 1982) inverse-square-root law, and supports the conclusion of Storrs et al. (1992) on the variability of cometary gas-to-dust ratios.

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