Interferometric Imaging of the Outburst of Comet 17P/Holmes with the Submillimter Array

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We present high angular resolution (2" or 2400 km) Submillimeter Array observations of the Jupiter-family comet 17P/Holmes during its huge outburst from October 26 through October 31 2007, including detections of CO 3-2, HCN 4-3, H13CN 4-3, CS 7-6, H2CO 31,2-21,1 and H2S 22,0-21,1, and associated dust continuum at 221 and 351 GHz. We find two components from the molecular emissions: one from isotropic outgassing and the other from gas jets.
The emissions of CO, CS, H2S and H2CO are much stronger in the gas jet component. Using a molecular excitation code that accounts for the effects of collisions with water and electrons, we determine distinctly different CO/HCN ratios: within the isotropic outgassing component we find CO/HCN < 25, while in the gas jet component, CO/HCN > 100. This difference might reflect the volatile nature of the nucleus material brought out by the outburst.

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