Long-term velocity enhancements in the solar wind

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Particle Emission, Solar Wind

Scientific paper

Throughout most of the last three solar cycles, the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 2, IMP 8, and Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft have observed long-term enhancements in solar wind speed. These enhancements are typically on the order of 100-200 km s-1, with durations on the order of several months to over a year. They are observed over heliocentric distances that range from 0.72 to more than 60 AU, which suggests that they are a characteristic feature throughout the entire heliosphere, at least in the vicinity of the solar equator. Since the last solar minimum, they have recurred with the 1.3-year periodicity reported by Richardson et al. [1994], but prior to the last solar minimum there were long intervals where this periodicity was different or absent. We examine and characterize these long-term speed enhancements and compare them to shorter-term variations in the solar wind such as coronal mass ejections, co-rotating interaction regions, merged interaction regions, and global merged interaction regions.

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