SIM Lite's Unique Capability: Searching for Exoplanets in Binary Star Systems

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Although more than 300 exoplanets have been discovered and some of them are in very wide binary systems, the search for exoplanets is significantly biased to avoid observation in binaries and multiple stars. It is generally agreed that planets might be common in double and multiple star systems. It is, however, extremely difficult to make precision RV measurements in binary stars with separations of a few arcsecond or less. So far no exoplanet has been detected around any spectroscopic binary stars. The SIM Lite mission can provide unique capability to search for exoplanets in binary star systems. This paper analyzed the binarity status of the best candidate stars for SIM Lite narrow-angle mode observations. Signatures and required precisions are calculated for two types of binary star systems: 1) planets around one component of a binary star system; 2) planets around two close components. Both cases for exoplanet detection are compared among SIM Lite and other techniques, including RV, Gaia, etc. We can expect that distinctive characteristics of exoplanets in double and multiple stars can be discovered only by the SIM Lite mission.

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