Hard X-ray Flares from Massive Black Holes and Proposed Surveys to EXIST

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Flaring and short timescale variability are signatures of accreting black holes, from stellar to supermassive scales. We present Swift/BAT results from our ongoing BAT Slew Survey (BATSS; Copete, Grindlay et al 2010) that point to a surprisingly bright and new signature of AGN variability (Copete and Grindlay 2010, in preparation). As exciting as this is, it also points to an even richer domain for studies of the variability and associated physics of AGN and their SMBHs and jets, all of which are needed to understand flaring that relate to mergers and tidal disruptions by SMBHs. I discuss other high energy surveys, either planned or proposed, and their efficacy at revealing the sources and mechanisms of SMBH variability. The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) has been proposed to Astro2010 as a very sensitive full-sky imaging, 3hour cadence, hard X-ray (5-600 keV) survey with rapid soft X-ray (0.1 - 10 keV) and uv-optical-IR (0.3 - 2.3microns) high sensitivity imaging and spectroscopic followup. It would trigger on a vast variety of AGN flares, including a predicted rate of 10-30 Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) per year from < 108 Msun SMBHs disrupting passing main sequence or giant stars for which the EXIST detection could alert a LISA detection. Of interest to this session on gravitational wave signatures of black holes is the large number of short GRBs that EXIST would detect and precisely locate as well as measure redshifts for, from the very sensitive on board cooled 1.1m IR telescope. Those within the 300 Mpc detection radius of Advanced LIGO would enable a gravitational wave detection of the merging neutron star pair, or neutron star - black hole binary, and resultant stellar mass BH formation, which are the likely cause of most short GRBs.

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