Revealing The Innermost Regions Of AGN Through Deep Chandra and Suzaku Observations Of NGC 4051

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Deep 300ks Chandra HETG and 500ks Suzaku observations of the rapidly variable narrow-line Seyfert 1 NGC 4051 are presented. The spectra reveal more than 30 significant photo-ionized lines in both emission and absorption; the origin of both the high and low ionization material will be discussed. The time variability of the absorber on scales from light-days from the black hole to light years will be assessed, current indications are that at least part of the X-ray reprocessor (e.g. responsible for the Fe K line) originates on the scale of a few hundred gravitational radii from the black hole.
The Suzaku observations show a new hard X-ray excess component above 10 keV is present in NGC 4051. The strength of this hard X-ray excess far exceeds what would be expected via Compton scattering of X-rays off a geometrically thin accretion disk subtending 2pi steradians to the X-ray continuum source. Instead the continuum photons either (i) undergo
gravitational light bending close to the black hole or (ii) alternatively they emerge through a near Compton-thick absorbing column of gas, which partially covers the X-ray emitter. Indeed many Suzaku observations of AGN show similar strong hard X-ray components, which cannot be readily accounted for by accretion disk reflection models alone. The observations may point towards a paradigm shift in our understanding of the central regions of AGN, whereby Compton-thick gas exists along the sight-lines to even type I AGN, perhaps in the form of a putative disk wind.

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