Microwave and optical lunar transponders

Details Microwave and optical lunar transponders Microwave and optical lunar transponders

Jul 1990

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1990aipc..207..647b&link_type=abstract

IN: Astrophysics from the moon; Proceedings of the Workshop, Annapolis, MD, Feb. 5-7, 1990 (A91-56576 24-89). New York, American

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

2

Laser Range Finders, Lunar Based Equipment, Lunar Retroreflectors, Microwave Equipment, Transponders, Apollo Flights, Earth Rotation, Libration, Lunokhod Lunar Roving Vehicles, Relativity, Yag Lasers

Scientific paper

The scientific areas which used data from the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment, collected from measurements to the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 and Lunakhod 2, include lunar science (i.e., studies of variations in the lunar angular orientation from that for uniform rotation, lunar tidal displacements, and the lunar mass distribution), geodynamics, astrometry, and gravitational physics. This paper argues that the placement of microwave and optical transponders on the moon would improve the accuracy of laser range measurements by nearly two orders of magnitude and would simplify the measurements. The K-band microwave transponders would be operated at the lunar base and at two remote sites on the moon surface, yielding much improved lunar libration and tidal displacement measurements. A two-wavelength laser transponder also would be operated at the lunar base, allowing accurate tropospheric propagation corrections to be made. This would introduce major improvements in measurements of the lunar orbit and of the earth's rotation, and in tests of general relativity.

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