Planetary nebulae with a high degree of ionization - NGC 2242 and NGC 4361

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Abundance, Gas Ionization, Halos, Planetary Nebulae, Ultraviolet Spectra, Chemical Composition, Iue, Line Spectra

Scientific paper

New observations in the 3400 - 7500 A range are presented for NGC 2242 and NGC 4361, and new IUE observations are presented for NGC 2242. The physical conditions and chemical composition for these nebulae are derived. The ionization structure of both PN are very similar, the PN are very optically thin to Lyman continuum photons, and more than 90 percent of helium is in the twice-ionized stage. Their chemical abundances and distances to the galactic plane correspond to those of population II objects. Both show C/O ratios larger than unity. The carbon recombination lines in NGC 4361 are very strong and seem to indicate that the C/O ratio is not homogeneous within the nebula; an inhomogeneous model with C/O rich regions is constructed which is in good agreement with the observed data. A discussion of the chemical composition of the seven known halo PN is given.

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