Astrometry of outer planets, their satellites and asteroids.

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

In this paper, I would like to analyze the contribution of ground based astrometric observations of asteroids, outer planets and their satellites to the improvement of the theories of motion of these bodies. I will also consider the contribution of these observations to the improvement of physical parameters such as the masses of some asteroids. It is quite obvious to say that the link between dynamical theories and astrometric observations of planets has its origin in the fact that theories of motion are solutions of a set of differential equations. To write and solve these equations has been since centuries one of the main purposes of celestial mechanics. The general solution of the equations of the motion of planets, their satellites or asteroids depends on arbitrary constants, the initial conditions. The arbitrary constants associated to the physical problem are determined in a very classical way by an adjustment to the astrometric observations. Moreover, physical parameters as masses, oblateness are present in the equations, and some of them can need improvement or even a first determination; this is the case for the masses of asteroids which are often unknown. So the connection between astrometric observations and dynamical theories in the solar system is quite obvious, and this is the purpose of this paper to give some examples of the contribution of the observations to the improvement of dynamical theories.

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