What Determines the Typical Mass of Dense Coresin Quiescent, Nonmagnetized Molecular Clouds?

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Hydrodynamics, Ism: Clouds, Molecular Processes, Stars: Formation

Scientific paper

By means of one-dimensional simulations, we study the collapse of a quiescent, nonmagnetized filamentary molecular cloud, taking into account the heating and cooling processes. At the initial state, the model cloud has the central density of n_c=10^3 cm^-3 and temperature of T=15 K. We follow its contraction until the central density reaches n_c~=10^10 cm^-3. The cloud contracts mainly due to the CO line cooling and cooling by gas-dust interactions. During the contraction, the cloud temperature stays nearly constant at T~10 K because the net radiative cooling rate nearly balances with the heating by gravitational compression, which is the most efficient heating source. When the central density exceeds 10^4-10^5 cm^-3, a shock wave is formed at r~0.05 pc. The shock wave separates the cloud into two parts, i.e., a dense spindle and a diffuse envelope. The spindle slowly contracts due to cooling by gas-dust interactions. During the contraction, the outer part of the spindle has a power-law density distribution of rho~r^-2, which is different from that expected by an isothermal model,rho~r^-4. Applying linear theory, we find that the collapsing spindle is likely to fragment into dense cores by the stage that the central density reaches n_c~10^8-10^9 cm^-3 if the amplitude of the perturbation is greater than A>~10^-2. The masses of the dense cores depend on the initial amplitude of the perturbation. When the initial amplitude of the perturbation is small (A<~10^-1), the spindle fragments into cores with mass 0.1-0.5 M_solar. On the other hand, when the spindle has relatively large inhomogeneity (A~10^-1), it fragments into cores with mass ~10 M_solar.

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