Statistics – Applications
Scientific paper
Sep 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009otam.conf....1b&link_type=abstract
Optical Turbulence: Astronomy Meets Meteorology, Proceedings of the Astronomy Meets Meteorology, Proceedings of the Optical Turb
Statistics
Applications
Scientific paper
All astronomical observations are done best from space where the absorption by and turbulence in the Earth atmosphere are absent. One has access to the entire electromagnetic radiation spectrum and the absence of seeing allows unlimited angular resolution. However, the cost of facilities in space and their operation is 3 orders of magnitude of similar sized facilities on Earth. Experimental astrophysicists have therefore in the past decades pursued the development of techniques to overcome the seeing limitations by the atmosphere. So far they have been very successful at this and much more is almost certain to come. Adaptive Optics (AO) will make very large (8 - 10-meters diameter) and extremely large (30 - 42 meters diameter) telescopes diffraction limited first at infrared wavelengths and eventually at visible wavelengths. The development of fast optical turbulence/seeing wavefront sensing techniques using artificial sources (Laser Beacons) will enable doing that over the entire sky. Atmospheric Tomography (AT) needed for Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) will give 3D maps of the rapidly variable atmospheric turbulence. Large interferometers with baselines of hundreds of meters will further enhance the angular resolution using fringe tracking for both co-phasing and coherent operation. Ground-based astronomy is therefore entering a new era in which milli-arcsecond observations and better are foreseen even of objects at the edge of the universe. The astronomical techniques will result in information of atmospheric optical turbulence which is likely to be of interest for meteorologists.
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