The optics of long-wavelength X rays

Details The optics of long-wavelength X rays The optics of long-wavelength X rays

Nov 1978

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1978sciam.239...70s&link_type=abstract

Scientific American, vol. 239, Nov. 1978, p. 70-78.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Microelectronics, Microscopy, Optical Properties, X Ray Astronomy, X Ray Spectra, Absorption Spectra, Focusing, Lithography, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Synchrotron Radiation, X Ray Absorption, X Ray Analysis, X Ray Telescopes

Scientific paper

Over the past 10 years an unexpected source of soft X rays, intense enough for any conceivable applications, has been provided by synchrotron particle accelerators. Soft X rays have proved to be useful in analyzing the structure of objects that range in size from the chromosome of the living cell to the hot plasma in fusion experiments to the corona of the sun. These applications depend on how matter absorbs and emits soft X rays. The absorption of soft X rays is also the key to the new technology of X ray lithography, in which microelectronic circuits are laid down on semiconductor chips with a density potentially more than two orders of magnitude higher than that achieved by conventional methods. Attention is given to a microelectronic circuit with a magnetic bubble pattern fabricated by X-ray lithography, the absorption spectrum of soft X rays for various materials, and experimental setup for measuring the X-ray absorption characteristics of materials, X-ray microscopes with a photon counter and a digital memory, and an X-ray telescope aboard the Skylab satellites.

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