The 2007 Jupiter's North Temperate Belt Disturbance: I. Overview and jet stream changes.

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Changes in belts and zones of Jupiter are sometimes virulent, starting from a localized eruption followed by the development of a planetary scale disturbance. The archetype of this phenomenology occurs rarely, about once every fifteen years, at 23° North latitude where the highest speed Jovian jet stream resides. In late March 2007 two nearly simultaneous eruptions of bright plumes separated by 63,000 km (55° longitude) occurred in the peak of the jet, causing a new disturbance. Here we present detailed observations of the disturbance onset and evolution, and of the related changes and deep extent of the jet based on Hubble Space Telescope images and ground-based observations in the visible and near infrared. The plumes reached a height elevation of 30 km relative to background clouds and, moving faster eastward than any other feature in the planet at about 165 m/s, generated a turbulent and complex periodic pattern in their wake, injecting a large amount of red aerosols. Only small changes were detected in the jet wind velocity profile as measured before the disturbance and after its dissipation. Radiative transfer of cloud vertical structure, mesoscale models of the plumes and a general circulation model of the turbulent pattern require the jet stream to be robust extending down to at least 5-7 bar pressure, the base of the water clouds, well below the sunlight penetration level.
Acknowledgments: this work was supported by the Spanish MEC-PNAYA. We acknowledge the HST director's discretionary time (GO/DD11310) for June 5 observations. And GO/DD10782 for March 08 and May 11 data.

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