Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
May 1975
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1975rspsb.189..183k&link_type=abstract
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Volume 189, Issue 1095, pp. 183-211
Mathematics
Logic
5
Scientific paper
Isotopic distribution is a function of physical and biological processes. In general, equilibrium-controlled reactions occur at high temperatures among solid phases, whereas low-temperature reactions, especially those mediated by organisms, are kinetically controlled. The solar and stellar abundance of isotopes is poorly known. Knowledge of extra-terrestrial distributions of the isotopes of light elements presently comes from lunar and meteorite measurements. On Earth, the elements associated with biological synthesis which have been studied most intensively, are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. In general, reduced products of metabolism are enriched in light isotopes. Thus, 1H and 12C are enriched in hydrogen gas and methane, when produced by fermentation or CO2 reduction. Nitrogen gas is enriched in 14N when produced by denitrification, and H2S is highly enriched in 32S when it results from sulphate reduction. A pattern of biological enrichment factors has been recognized on Earth, but until now, not in lunar or meteorite samples.
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