Formation of crystalline and amorphous carbon grains

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Amorphous Materials, Carbon, Crystal Growth, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Winds, Condensation, Dust, Monomers, Stellar Envelopes, Vapor Phases

Scientific paper

It is pointed out that the formation of dust grains from the gaseous phase takes place in quite different astrophysical environments. A shortcoming of attempts regarding a quantitative treatment of the problem is usually related to the failure to account for different possible crystalline structures during the various phases of grain formation and growth. The current investigation is mainly concerned with the evolving structures during the growth phase of solids condensing out directly from the gas phase. An important example involves the growth of carbon grains in carbon-rich environments. In principle, grains can grow as monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous solids. The conditions of formation for the various structures are discussed. If a critical supersaturation ratio is exceeded, particles grow without any lattice structure as pure 'amorphous' solids.

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