Spatial and Temporal Extent of Solar Nanoflares and Their Energy Range

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Sun: Activity, Sun: Corona, Sun: X-Rays, Gamma Rays

Scientific paper

Coronal X-ray emission observed with the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) fluctuates with an amplitude larger than the Poisson photon noise, as shown in our previous paper (Katsukawa, Tsuneta 2001, ApJ, 557, 343). This fluctuation is attributed to small energy events (``nanoflares'') that cannot be identified as individual bursts. We present here a detailed analysis of the fluctuation, particularly concerning the spatial and temporal extents of the fluctuating sources. A macro-pixel analysis of the intensity fluctuation reveals that the spatial extent of the fluctuation is a few pixels of SXT. The scale size may be due to the point-spread function of SXT, and/or indicates the intrinsic size of the fluctuating source. An auto-correlation analysis gives a loose upper limit of the time scale, 1 minute. Taking into account the spatial and temporal scales, the energy of nanoflares estimated in the previous paper is updated to be 1022 to 1022 erg.

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