The Third Solar Dimension (Invited Parker Lecture)

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Over the last two decades we acquired stunning images of the Sun in EUV, soft X-ray, and hard X-ray wavelengths, which show us magnetic loops and arcades in the solar corona, quiescent and eruptive filaments, flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Physical modeling of these phenomena requires a reconstruction of the 3-dimensional (3D) geometry, which was mostly accomplished with 3D extrapolations of the photospheric field, using theoretical models of magnetic potential fields and force-free fields. The
3D distribution of the coronal plasma could also be reconstructed by means of solar rotation stereoscopy and tomography. The most recent solar space mission is STEREO, launched in 2006, which provides us true stereoscopic images of unprecedented clarity and should reveal us the full 3D magnetic topology of flares and CMEs. The ULYSSES spacecraft, as well as the future missions Solar Orbiter and Sentinels, will fly out of the ecliptic plane and will provide us a 3D perspective of the heliosphere.

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