Testing spherical PDR models: Barnard 68 as example of an (almost) perfect spherical clump in the diffuse Galactic radiation field

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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We use the Barnard 68 dark globule as a test case for a spherically symmetric Photon-Dominated Region (PDR) model exposed to a low-FUV radiation field. With a roughly spherical morphology and an accurately determined density profile, Barnard 68 is ideal for this purpose. We compare the KOSMA-tau PDR model (Störzer et al. 1996) to observations of the lowest transition in 12CO, 13CO J = 3 -> 2 and J = 2 -> 1, as well as the [Ci] 3P1-3P0 fine-structure transition. The impact of CO depletion, PAHs in the chemical network, as well as variations in the external FUV field are studied. We find it difficult to simultaneously match the observed 12CO and 13CO emission. A model which match the observed [Ci] and 12CO observations gives 13CO intensities which are too large by a factor of 2-3. A steep drop in the line excitation seems to be required from the region traced by 12CO to the (somewhat deeper) layer traced by the 13CO, since depletion as the cause for the weak 13CO emission is ruled out.

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