Overview: The Stratospheric Photochemistry Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) and Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 (AASE-2)

Details Overview: The Stratospheric Photochemistry Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) and Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 (AASE-2) Overview: The Stratospheric Photochemistry Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) and Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 (AASE-2)

Nov 1994

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994georl..21.2535w&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), vol. 21, no. 23, p. 2535-2538

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18

Abundance, Aerosols, Airborne Radar, Atmospheric Chemistry, In Situ Measurement, Ozone, Ozone Depletion, Photochemical Reactions, Satellite Observation, Stratosphere, Trace Contaminants, Arctic Regions, Atmospheric Models, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons, Nitrogen Oxides, Radar Measurement, Scientific Satellites, Time Series Analysis, Ultraviolet Radiation, Volcanoes, Water Vapor

Scientific paper

The Statospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) made in situ observations of the composition of the lower stratosphere from the NASA ER-2 aircraft at latitudes from 15 deg N to 60 deg N, during November 1992 and April, May and October 1993. SPADE followed the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE-II, September 1991 to March 1992) by 8 months. Together the two missions provide a record of stratospheric trace species and aerosols at middle and high latitudes spanning the input and decay of debris from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. New instruments deployed for SPADE include sensors to measure OH, HO2, H2O, CO2, NO2 and the UV/visible radiation field, complementiing sensors previously deployed on the ER-2 (C1O, BrO, NO, NO(y), N2O, O3, H2O, HC1, CH4, CFC-11, CFC-113, and aerosol number and size distribution). The data provide the first simultaneous in situ measurements of radicals and reservoir species to include representatives from all the important families of statospheric reactants, observed as functions of time of day (at approximately 18 km), latitude and altitude (15-20 km). The results place strong new constraints on models of statospheric photochemistry. Highly precise observations of the seasonal cycle and interannual changes in CO2, combined with data for N2O and other tracer species, provide new insights into rates for transport in the lower stratosphere. High resolution data obtained during SPADE by the ER-2 (in its own wake) and in AASE-II by the DC-8 (in wakes from commercial aircraft) provide support for engineering models of NO(x) emissions from subsonic jet aircraft at cruise conditions. Observations from the DC-8 during AASE-II, defining global distribution of NO(x) and NO(y) near the tropopause, and of HF, HCI, CINO3, and HNO3 colume abundances, provide new information onthe processes influencing polar ozone loss.

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