Youthful Geologic Terrains with Anomalous Surface Chemistry on Europa

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Geologic mapping of Europa's Argadnel Regio has identified more than a dozen distinctive geologic terrains. We have assembled and registered spacecraft imaging, geologic mapping, and spectroscopic mapping datasets for part of this region. We have obtained linear mixture modeling compositional solutions for more than 40 non-overlapping exposures of ridged plains, low albedo plains, chaos, dark spots, and crater ejecta (Dalton et al., LPSC XL #2511, 2009; Shirley et al., 2010, Icarus, in press). This work has uncovered a well-defined spatial gradient of sulfuric acid hydrate abundance, with concentrations of this material increasing in the direction of Europa's trailing-side apex. Surprisingly, the gradient appears to be independent of the nature of the underlying terrain (Shirley et al., LPSC XLI, 2010). This suggests that the H2SO4 hydrate abundance may be closely linked with magnetospheric bombardment processes, which supply both sulfur ions and energy for driving the chemical reactions of the sulfur cycle (Carlson et al., Science 286, 97, 1999; Dalton et al., this meeting).
Stratigraphic relationships indicate that the low albedo plains are among the youngest geologic terrains within our study area. Compositional solutions for four contiguous non-overlapping exposures of low albedo plains materials exhibit abundances of the H2SO4 hydrate that are lower than those of their immediate neighbors by up to 33%. We suggest that these particular exposures may not have been exposed to the surface radiation environment long enough to reach radiolytic chemical equilibrium; if so, this would suggest that these deposits may have been emplaced quite recently. We will touch on implications for chemical models of Europa's subsurface fluids, for observing strategies for future missions to Europa, and for astrobiological investigations. This work was supported by NASA's Outer Planets Research Program, and was performed at the California Institute of Technology-Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract with NASA.

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