Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Apr 1991
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1991itns...38..543n&link_type=abstract
(1990 Nuclear Science Symposium, Arlington, VA, Oct. 23-26, 1990, Proceedings. A91-42475 17-35) IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Sci
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
2
Aircraft Equipment, Gamma Ray Astronomy, Gamma Ray Spectrometers, Gondolas, High Resolution, Background Radiation, Cobalt Isotopes, Compton Effect, Cryogenic Equipment, Radiation Shielding, Supernova 1987A, Systems Engineering
Scientific paper
The WINKLER high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer was originally developed to fly on a high-altitude aircraft. Following the discovery of Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud, arrangements were made to perform balloon-borne observations of this event. The instrument was quickly adapted to fit on a gondola furnished by NASA/MSFC in a collaborative effort and was flown in a series of three successful flights from Alice Springs, Australia. The second flight on October 29-31, 1987 resulted in the first high-resolution detection of the 847-keV line emission from the decay of 56Co and provided definitive confirmation of the explosive nucleosynthesis process. WINKLER comprises an array of nine coaxial n-type germanium detectors which are housed in a common vaccuum cryostat and surrounded by an NaI(Tl) scintillator shield that suppresses Compton interactions and gamma-ray background. Gamma-ray images are obtained with a rotational modulation collimator system attached to the spectrometer. Collimator holes in the upper section of the shield define the angular field of view of the instrument to 22 deg FWHM. The energy range of the spectrometer is 20 eV to 8 MeV, and the composite energy resolution from all detectors is 1.5 keV at 100 keV and about 2.5 keV at 1.33 MeV. The total frontal area of the sensor array is 214 cm2 with a volume of 1177 cm3, providing sufficient detection sensitivity for gamma-ray astronomy as well as for land-based applications such as treaty verification monitoring.
Imai B. B.
Kilner J. R.
Nakano George H.
Pang F.
Sandie W. G.
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