When and why background subtraction must be done before data accumulation in gamma-ray spectroscopy

Computer Science

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X- And Gamma-Ray Telescopes And Instrumentation

Scientific paper

Two operations common to spectroscopy data analysis are the accumulation of data and subtraction of background. These operations do not necessarily commute, and in some important situations accumulation followed by subtraction introduces serious systematic errors. This occurs when the background is strongly variable but must be estimated from data taken before or after the source observation. Then long data accumulations may cease to converge to a unique count rate, since none exists due to the variable background. Instead, the value obtained reflects the particular way the background was sampled. Because of dead time variations and data selection cuts the source and bacground sampling may differ, so that the expectation value of the difference of the source and background accumulations ceases to equal the true net source count rate. However, if the background is subtracted each source scan and only the net spectra accumulated, the effect is suppressed. We present simulations comparing the two methods, and briefly discuss practical means of subtracting background before the main accumulation is performed.

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